在此前的一篇博客里,我写到了对 Facebook 的一个常见指控是它实际上是媒体但以平台自称以逃避媒体的责任。最近我又在 The New Yorker 上看到了这个指控。这篇文章非常典型地用 subjective 的词汇描述事件以传递立场。比如文章里写道:
“Facebook has never been a neutral platform; it is a company whose business model depends on monitoring its users, modifying and manipulating their behavior, and selling their attention to the highest bidder.”
“monitoring”,”modifying and manipulating their behavior”,”selling their attention”,这些词汇很明显带有倾向。如果换用 neutral 的词汇,也许可以这么描述 Facebook 的 business model:
“Facebook has never been a neutral platform; it is a company whose business model depends on users’ feedback, encouraging users to respond favorably to their algorithm and ads, and profitting by putting up ads that attract users’ attention.”
这样的描述里,这个 business model 就只是普通的以广告为生的 business model 了,并不会显得十恶不赦。
同样地,文章里对称它为 gatekeeper 给出了理由:
“It’s now clear that they were gatekeepers—what else to call people whose algorithms influenced what billions of people saw, heard, and knew about the world?”
也许只是我内心险恶,但尽管这里用的是”influenced”,我猜想读者读到的时候十有八九会在脑中替换成”controlled”。首先很明显,Facebook 并没有控制人们的所见所闻——它从来没有逼迫任何人看任何东西。第二,它的确 “influence” 了人们的所见所闻,以加入广告或者各种算法推送的形式。但这和任何其它广告商或者推销商有什么区别呢?这一点可以参考此前的博客中邮差的类比。
我非常期待能看到让我信服的 Facebook 是平台的论据。在那之前,我们还是先试着认识它吧。